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declarative memory
Declarative memory (sometimes referred to as explicit memory) is one of two types of long-term human memory. Declarative memory refers to memories that can be consciously recalled such as facts and ''verbal'' knowledge.〔Ullman MT. Contributions of memory circuits to language: the declarative/procedural model. Cognition 2004; 92: 231–70.〕 While declarative memory is similar to explicit memory, declarative memory is memory that a person can state in words, while explicit memory is the deliberate recall of information that the person recognizes as a memory.〔Kalat, James W. Biological Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2009. 538-539.〕 Declarative memory's counterpart is known as non-declarative or procedural memory, which refers to unconscious memories such as skills (e.g. learning to ride a bicycle). Declarative memory can be divided into two categories: ''episodic memory'', which stores specific personal experiences, and ''semantic memory'', which stores factual information.〔Tulving E. 1972. Episodic and semantic memory. In Organization of Memory, ed. E Tulving, W Donaldson, pp. 381–403. New York: Academic〕
==Types==
Semantic memories are those memories that store general factual knowledge that is independent of personal experience. This includes world knowledge, object knowledge, language knowledge, and conceptual priming. Some examples of semantic memory include types of food, capital cities of a geographic region, or the lexicon of a common language, such as a person's vocabulary.〔
Episodic memories are those memories that store chunks of observational information attached to a specific event. Some examples of episodic memory include the memory of entering a specific classroom for the first time, the memory of storing your carry-on baggage while boarding a plane headed to a specific destination on a specific day and time, the memory of being notified that you are being terminated from your job, or the memory of notifying a subordinate that they are being terminated from their job. The retrieval of these episodic memories can be thought of as the action of mentally reliving in detail the past events that they concern.〔 Episodic memory is believed to be the system that provides the basic support for semantic memory.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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